This PRO Lesson explains how to prepare the frog heart and describes the hardware and software setup necessary to record cardiac rate and contractile responses of the frog heart.
EXPERIMENTAL OBJECTIVES
To observe and record atrial and ventricular systole and diastole in the frog heart.
To observe and record the cardiac phenomena of refraction, ventricular extrasystole, and the compensatory pause in the frog heart.
To observe and record the effect of increasing and decreasing the temperature of cardiac muscle on cardiac rate and contractility.
To observe and record the effects of acetylcholine, atropine, pilocarpine, and epinephrine on the frequency and amplitude of cardiac muscle contraction in the frog.
To observe and record the positive inotropic effect of digitalis on the frog heart.
Optional: To observe the property of myogenicity in the excised frog heart.
Optional: To observe and record the effects of atrioventricular block induced by Stannius ligature in the frog heart.
TASKS PERFORMED BY THE STUDENT
Prepare the frog for recording from the heart
Test the frog heart's reaction to hot, cold, acetylcholine atropine, pilocarpine, epinephrine, and digitalis
Optional: Tie a Stannius ligature and/or excise the frog heart
KEY FEATURES
Add event markers throughout the recording.
The software automates the calibration procedure for the student. There are no knobs and dials to confuse the student.
Graph template files ensure consistent setup for subsequent Subjects or repeated trials—plus, you can easily add your own lesson plan to the onscreen journal.
The lesson will also work as part of a group study.
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